Real-Time Artifacts Reduction during TMS-EEG Co-Registration: A Comprehensive Review on Technologies and Procedures

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) excites neurons in the cortex, and neural activity can be simultaneously recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). However, TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) do not only reflect transcranial as they contaminated by artifacts. Over last two decades, significant developments amplifiers, TMS-compatible technology, customized hardware open source software have enabled researchers to develop approaches which substantially reduce TMS-induced In TMS-EEG experiments, various physiological external occurrences been identified attempts made minimize or remove them online techniques. Despite these advances, technological issues methodological constraints prevent straightforward recordings of early TEPs components. To best our knowledge, there is no review on both artifacts technologies literature to-date. Our survey aims provide an overview research studies this field over 40 years. We artifacts, their sources waveforms present state-of-the-art front-end characteristics. also propose a synchronization toolbox for laboratories. then subject preparation frameworks reduction maneuvers improving data acquisition conclude outlining challenges future directions field.